An African perspective of Helicobacter pylori infection: A narrative review

Abstract

Background

There is a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in Africa, but data on its clinical presentation are limited. The African enigma, states that despite a high prevalence of H. pylori infection on the continent, related gastrointestinal diseases such as peptic ulceration and gastric cancer are not common.  However, this conclusion was based on limited scientific evidence and has been challenged by some scientists. 

Methods

This narrative review highlights gaps on our understanding of H. pylori infection in Africa, that limit the possibility of formulating evidence-based guidelines.

Results

We demonstrate a lack of understanding about the epidemiology of H. pylori-related gastric diseases such as peptic ulceration and gastric cancer. In addition, we discuss challenges related to drug resistance. 

Conclusions

            There is an urgent need to provide scientific evidence for the African enigma which will deepen our understanding of H. pylori infection on the continent. In addition, efforts at streamlining approaches to evidence-based eradication therapy need to be intensified.