Large Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Submandibular Gland in a Young Tanzanian Woman: A Case Report

Abstract

Background: Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign salivary gland tumour, but submandibular involvement is uncommon. Delayed presentation may permit substantial enlargement.

Case presentation: A 26-year-old Tanzanian woman presented with a painless right submandibular swelling that had enlarged over five years. Ultrasonography and fine-needle aspiration cytology supported pleomorphic adenoma. The tumour and involved submandibular gland were excised en bloc through a transcervical approach with preservation of marginal mandibular nerve function. Histopathology confirmed pleomorphic adenoma with tumour-free margins and no malignant transformation. At 24 months, clinical examination and ultrasonography showed no recurrence.

Conclusion: Submandibular pleomorphic adenoma should be considered in young adults with chronic painless submandibular swelling. Complete excision can provide favourable functional and cosmetic outcomes, but long-term surveillance remains necessary because late recurrence may occur.